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泵礦山族金屬是怎么回收的?
鉑族金屬礦石品位很低，一般難以直接提取,往往需要經(jīng)過處理,逐步富集,獲得其精礦后再進(jìn)一步分離、提純而得到純金屬。因此，富集是鉑族金屬提取的關(guān)鍵，而且鉑族金屬的提取過程通常是一個以其他金屬為主要回收對象的復(fù)雜工藝過程。
(1)鉑族金屬的選礦富集
鉑族金屬的選礦富集過程與金銀礦的選礦富集過程相似，目前
對鉑族金屬的選礦富集通常采用的方法是浮選、重選和它們的聯(lián)合工藝。
(2)鉑族金屬的火法富集
鉑族金屬易與其他各種過渡金屬形成合金或金屬間互化物,且具有親硫而不親氧性質(zhì)(鋨、釘易于氧化揮發(fā)除外)，因而可以經(jīng)過高溫化學(xué)反應(yīng)，使富集著鉑族金屬的產(chǎn)品與其他物質(zhì)分離。常用的方法有熔煉和揮發(fā)兩種。
(3)鉑族金屬的浸出富集
浸出是富集提取鉑族金屬的常用方法,其要點是將非貴金屬組分溶解進(jìn)入浸出液，與富集了貴金屬的浸出渣分離;或使貴金屬進(jìn)入溶液，與難溶物(如硅酸鹽、一氧化硅等氧化物)分離。為提高浸出效率,有時需要增加焙燒或其他預(yù)處理工序及加壓浸出等強(qiáng)化手段。
(4)含鉑族金屬硫化銅鎳礦的富集提取
1936年前,鉑族金屬主要從砂礦中提取，工藝簡單?，F(xiàn)代鉑族金屬主要從含鉑硫化銅鎳礦中提取,其提取存在多種工藝。
①含鉑硫化銅鎳礦的熔煉富集。
②銅鎳高锍的處理。銅鎳高锍是鎳、銅硫化物的共熔體，早期應(yīng)用“頂?shù)追?/span>”，即用硫化鈉處理高锍，使液態(tài)硫化銅熔入硫化鈉頂層，而較重的硫化鎳留在底層,冷卻后，兩層可撞擊分開，鉑族金屬富集在底層，從電解陽極泥中回收;后期提取過程中發(fā)展成將高锍通過磨浮、選擇性浸出、加壓浸出等方法進(jìn)行處理、富集。渣漿泵廠家
③電解富集。電解是貴金屬的傳統(tǒng)富集方法。不僅粗金屬、合金，甚至連鎮(zhèn)高锍也可以用電解(或電溶)的辦法處理，使貴金屬富集在陽極泥中。但是貴金屬在此方法處理過程中容易發(fā)生電解損失，故以提取鉑族元素為目的時，電解不是一種較好的方法。
How is pump mine metal recovered?
The grade of PGM ore is very low, so it is difficult to extract directly. It often needs to be treated and enriched step by step to obtain its concentrate and then further separate and purify it to get pure metal. Therefore, enrichment is the key to the extraction of PGMS, and the extraction process of PGMS is usually a complex process with other metals as the main recovery object.
(1) beneficiation and enrichment of PGMS
The beneficiation and enrichment process of platinum group metals is similar to that of gold and silver ores
Flotation, gravity separation and their combined processes are commonly used for the beneficiation and enrichment of platinum group metals.
(2) fire enrichment of platinum group metals
Platinum group metals are easy to form alloys or intermetallics with other transition metals, and they are sulfur friendly but not oxygen friendly (except osmium and nails are easy to oxidize and volatilize), so they can be separated from other substances by high temperature chemical reaction. There are two common methods: smelting and volatilization.
(3) leaching and enrichment of platinum group metals
Leaching is a common method for the enrichment and extraction of platinum group metals. The key point is to dissolve the non precious metal components into the leaching solution and separate them from the leached residue enriched with precious metals, or to let the precious metals into the solution and separate them from the refractory substances (such as silicate, silica and other oxides). In order to improve the leaching efficiency, it is sometimes necessary to increase roasting or other pretreatment processes and pressure leaching and other strengthening means.
(4) enrichment and extraction of copper nickel sulfide ore containing platinum group metals
Before 1936, PGMs were mainly extracted from placers with simple technology. Modern platinum group metals are mainly extracted from copper nickel sulfide ore containing platinum, and there are many extraction processes.
① smelting enrichment of copper nickel sulfide ore containing platinum.
② treatment of copper nickel matte. Copper nickel high matte is the co melt of nickel and copper sulfide. In the early stage, the "top and bottom method" was used, that is, sodium sulfide was used to treat high matte, so that the liquid copper sulfide was melted into the top layer of sodium sulfide, while the heavier nickel sulfide remained in the bottom layer, after cooling, the two layers could be separated by impact, and the platinum group metals were enriched in the bottom layer and recovered from the electrolytic anode mud. In the later stage, the high matte was developed into high matte through grinding flotation and selective leaching And pressure leaching. Slurry pump manufacturer
③ electrolytic enrichment. Electrolysis is the traditional enrichment method of precious metals. Not only crude metals and alloys, but even matte can be treated by electrolysis (or electrolysis) to enrich precious metals in anode slime. However, precious metals are prone to electrolytic loss in this process, so electrolysis is not a good way to extract platinum group elements.
