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渣漿泵類型泵的簡(jiǎn)介
除了前面介紹的離心泵外,在石油天然氣輸送和處理廠還常用到其他類型的泵。在油田泵站和污水處理廠常用軸流泵，在輸送黏度較高的潤(rùn)滑油和燃料油時(shí)，常用到往復(fù)泵、齒輪泵和螺桿泵等容積泵。在油庫(kù)泵房中,常采用真空泵對(duì)離心泵灌泵以及抽吸油罐底油等。螺桿泵在油氣混輸以及原油輸送中也得到應(yīng)用。表2- 1給出了常用泵的主要特點(diǎn)及適用范圍。
表2-1 常用泵的主要特點(diǎn)及適用范圍
油泵類型：螺桿泵
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能自吸；結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,體積小:故障少，使用方便;工作平穩(wěn)，流量均勻;流量和揚(yáng)程范圍大;效率高;能夠輸送黏油
缺點(diǎn)：對(duì)輸送介質(zhì)要求嚴(yán)格，不能含有固體顆粒雜質(zhì);不宜輸送汽油、煤油
適用范圍：輸送潤(rùn)滑油、燃料油和柴油;在高揚(yáng)程大流量下工作效率高
油泵類型：往復(fù)泵
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能自吸;允許吸入真空度大:效率高;能夠輸送黏油，效率變化不大
缺點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,體積大;工作時(shí)流量不均勻;不能與原動(dòng)機(jī)直接連接;零件多，故障多，檢修困難;不宜于輸送汽油和煤油
適用范圍：輸送潤(rùn)滑油、燃料油和柴油;抽吸油罐車底油(小型泵);適合高壓下輸送少量液體
油泵類型：齒輪泵
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能自吸;結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，體積小;故障少，使用方便;能與原動(dòng)機(jī)直接連接;流量較均勻;能夠輸送黏油
缺點(diǎn)：零部件加工要求高，價(jià)格昂貴; 流量和揚(yáng)程范圍較小; 不宜于輸送汽油和煤油
適用范圍：輸送潤(rùn)滑油和燃料油;適合流量和揚(yáng)程較小的場(chǎng)合
油泵類型：旋渦泵
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能自吸；結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，體積小，工作可靠;可輸送含氣量大于5%的液體;安裝維修方便
缺點(diǎn)：效率低，一般不超過(guò)45%；不能用出口節(jié)流調(diào)節(jié),只能采用旁路調(diào)節(jié)
適用范圍：特別適用于小流量、較高壓力的低黏度清潔液體
油泵類型：軸流泵
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：流量大;效率高;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn);可以輸送含固體雜質(zhì)的液體;結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，安裝方便
缺點(diǎn)：揚(yáng)程小;高效操作區(qū)范圍小
適用范圍：特別適用于大流量，低揚(yáng)程、黏度低的介質(zhì)。適用于聯(lián)合站污水處理等
Brief introduction of slurry pump
In addition to the centrifugal pumps described above, other types of pumps are commonly used in oil and gas transportation and processing plants. Axial flow pumps are commonly used in oil field pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, and reciprocating pumps, gear pumps and screw pumps are commonly used when transporting lubricating oil and fuel oil with high viscosity. In pump room of oil depot, vacuum pump is often used to pump centrifugal pump and pump bottom oil of oil tank. Screw pump is also used in oil-gas mixed transportation and crude oil transportation. Table 2-1 gives the main features and application scope of common pumps.
Table 2-1 main features and application scope of common pumps
Oil pump type: screw pump
Advantages: self suction; simple structure, small volume; few faults, easy to use; stable work, uniform flow; large flow and head range; high efficiency; can transport viscous oil
Disadvantages: strict requirements on the transport medium, no solid particles impurities; not suitable for transportation of gasoline, kerosene
Scope of application: transportation of lubricating oil, fuel oil and diesel oil; high efficiency under high head and large flow
Oil pump type: reciprocating pump
Advantages: it can be self-priming; large allowable suction vacuum; high efficiency; it can transport viscous oil with little change in efficiency
Disadvantages: complex structure, large volume; uneven flow when working; unable to directly connect with the prime mover; many parts, many faults, difficult maintenance; not suitable for transporting gasoline and kerosene
Scope of application: transportation of lubricating oil, fuel oil and diesel oil; suction of oil tank bottom oil (small pump); suitable for conveying a small amount of liquid under high pressure
Oil pump type: gear pump
Advantages: self suction; simple structure, small volume; few faults, easy to use; can be directly connected with the prime mover; the flow is uniform; can transport viscous oil
Disadvantages: high requirements for parts processing, high price; small flow and head range; not suitable for transporting gasoline and kerosene
Scope of application: transportation of lubricating oil and fuel oil; suitable for occasions with small flow and head
Oil pump type: vortex pump
Advantages: self suction; simple structure, small volume, reliable operation; can transport liquid with gas content more than 5%; convenient installation and maintenance
Disadvantages: low efficiency, generally no more than 45%; can not use outlet throttle adjustment, can only use bypass regulation
Scope of application: especially suitable for low viscosity clean liquid with small flow and high pressure
Oil pump type: axial flow pump
Advantages: large flow rate, high efficiency, stable operation, liquid containing solid impurities, simple structure and convenient installation
Disadvantages: small head; small range of efficient operation area
Scope of application: especially suitable for medium with large flow, low head and low viscosity. It is suitable for sewage treatment of combined station
